The impact of Artificial Intelligence does not depend only on fundamental research and technological developments, but for a large part on how these systems are introduced into society and used in everyday situations. Even though AI is traditionally associated with rational decision making, understanding and shaping the societal impact of AI in all its facets requires a relational perspective. A rational approach to AI, where computational algorithms drive decision making independent of human intervention, insights and emotions, has shown to result in bias and exclusion, laying bare societal vulnerabilities and insecurities. A relational approach, that focus on the relational nature of things, is needed to deal with the ethical, legal, societal, cultural, and environmental implications of AI. A relational approach to AI recognises that objective and rational reasoning cannot does not always result in the 'right' way to proceed because what is 'right' depends on the dynamics of the situation in which the decision is taken, and that rather than solving ethical problems the focus of design and use of AI must be on asking the ethical question. In this position paper, I start with a general discussion of current conceptualisations of AI followed by an overview of existing approaches to governance and responsible development and use of AI. Then, I reflect over what should be the bases of a social paradigm for AI and how this should be embedded in relational, feminist and non-Western philosophies, in particular the Ubuntu philosophy.

Artificial Intelligence is transforming work, organisations, industries and society. Despite the many potential benefits of this general-purpose technology, there are significant challenges and risks, ranging from privacy, security, ethics, transparency and regulation. The prioritization of ethical, legal, and policy considerations in the development and management of AI systems to ensure responsible design, production and use of trustworthy AI requires integration of engineering, policy, law and ethics approaches. This special issue is the result of collaboration between the EU Horizon 2020 projects HumaneAI-Net, TAILOR and AI4EU. This special issue welcomes submissions from a wide variety of disciplines, including computer science, statistics, law, social sciences, the humanities, and education.

Virginia Dignum is professor at the Department of Computing Science at Umea University in Sweden. She is also member of, among others, the European Commission High Level Expert Group on AI, the World Economic Forum Council on AI, the IEEE Global Initiative on Ethically Aligned Design of Autonomous and Intelligent Systems and the European Global Forum on AI (AI4People). She has written a series of blogs for the website Medium.com, on which the content of this blogpost is based. You can find the hyperlinks to her blogs at the bottom of this page. Facing the challenge of bringing together many views from different disciplines on what AI exactly entails, Virginia's definition of AI offers an overarching perspective: "(…) AI is the discipline of developing computer systems that are able of perceiving their environment, with the ability to deliberate how to best act in order to achieve its own goals, while taking into account that the environment contains other actors similar to itself." She continues by explaining that AI is about the autonomy on deciding how to act, adapting to changes in the environment, including to actions and aims of other agents in that environment and then deciding how to act.

Your opportunity to shape Europe's #artificialintelligence strategy. Keep calm and "Reboot for AI revolution"Virginia Dignum on Linkedin•7mo

Europe's secret weapon in the race against the U.S. and China on artificial intelligence is … ethics. That was the message at the core of the EU's AI strategy unveiled Wednesday and developed by a team of European Commissioners under the supervision of Commission Vice President Andrus Ansip. In its "Charter on AI Ethics," the Commission wants to spell out how to preserve fundamental rights along with the rise of AI. This, the bloc believes, will boost consumer trust in European AI applications and help the Continent -- which lags far behind the U.S. and China in building a state-of-the-art AI industry -- catch up with competitors. The strategy includes a boost to the bloc's annual spending on AI research and development of about 70 percent, to around €500 million, effective immediately.

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